Cutting-tool



Patented Apr. 4, I899. H. HILL.

CUTTING TOOL.

(Application filed Apr. 15, 1897.)

(No Model.)

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2 1:wimmnuIImmmuummmummnM" Hdiigessps 5m PATEN HUGH IIILL, OF ANDERSON,INDIANA.

CUTTING-TOOL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 622,625, dated April 4,1899.

Application filed April 15, 1897. Serial No. 632,300. (No model.) i

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, I-IUGH I-IILL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Anderson, in the county of Madison and State of Indiana,have invented a new and useful Cutting-Tool, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to cutting-tools for turning-lathes, andparticularly to tool-holders which are so constructed with relation tothe blades as to insure the rigidity of the latter when supported in thetool-post of a lathe, planer, or si-milarmachine; and the object in viewis to simplify and improve the construction of devices of thisclass,whereby a straight blade, reversible edge for edge and of thecross-sectionally-tapered selfclearing type, may be so held as to cutclose to shoulders and chuck-jaws, the blade and holder being devoid oflateral projections, and also to provide a blade and relativeconstruction of holder whereby either a straight or an angular holdermay be used.

Further objects and advantages of this invention will appear in thefollowing description, and the novel features thereof will beparticularly pointed out in the appended claim.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of an angular or benttool having a holder and blade constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is a similar view of a straight tool. Fig. 3 is atransverse section of the blade and holder. Fig. l is an end view of thehead of the holder, showing the blade-seat. Fig. 5 is a detailtransverse section of the head of a holder, showing a slightly-modifiedconstruction of seat-walls. Fig. 6 is an edge view of a portion of theblade. Fig. 7 is a face view of the head of the holder.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures of the draw- -1ngs.

The holder of the tool embodying my invention comprises a shank 1,adapted to he engaged with the tool-post of alathe, planer, or similarmachine, and a head 2, which may be arranged either at an angle to theline of the shank, as shown in Fig. 1, or in alinement therewith, asshown in Fig. 2, the latter construction, however, necessitating thechanneling of the front side of the shank,'as shown at 3, for a purposehereinafter explained.

The head of the tool is provided in its face with a longitudinalblade-seat 4 for the reception of the blade 5, the opposite parallelwalls of the seat having double-beveled centeringfaces and beingpreferably concaved to suit the convex double-bevelededge constructionof the blade. This concavity of the walls of the seat may be eitherV-shaped in section, as shown in Fig. 3, or rounded, as shown in Fig. 5,according to the edge construction of the blade.

In order to secure the blade in the seat, it is necessary to provide aclamping action, which I attain by a relative lateral adjust-- ment ofthe side walls of the seat, said walls being yieldingly held separatedto release the blade and being adapted to be adjusted to-' ward eachother, after the insertion of the blade, to produce the necessaryfrictional contact of said undercut or concaved side walls with theedges of the blade. To accomplish this, the head of the tool-holder isprovided with a longitudinal kerf 6, contiguous to the plane of one ofsaid side walls, extending the entire length of the head and in depthapproximately equal to that of the head, whereby only a comparativelythin web 7 remains to connect the otherwise separated jaws 8 and 9,which respectively carry said walls of the blade-seat. The inherentresistance and elasticity of the metal holds the jaws normallyseparated, with the walls or shoulders of the blade-seat at such aninterval as to allow the blade to be inserted and removed freely, and inorder to relatively adjust said walls or shoulders to clamp the bladewhen the latter is in the desired position I employ set-screws orcollar-screws 10, engaging registering openings in the jaws and adaptedto be turned by means of a wrench to properly fasten the bladepreparatory to using the tool.

The blade which I prefer to employ in connection with the improvedholder to complete the tool is constructed of self-hardening or toolsteel, ground slightly narrower at its rear end than at its front end,or, in otherwords, tapered continuously and longitudinally in thicknessfrom its front or operative end toward its rear end, and in addition tothis lon gitudinal taper the improved blade is crosssectionally ortransversely tapered from its operative edge toward its back edge, orfrom the edge at which the point 11 of the tool is arranged toward theopposite edge, and the said operative edge is ground fiat contiguous tothe point, as shown at 12. This construction of blade gives clearance inoperation, and thus enables the tool to perform its function accuratelyand without unnecessary friction. In sharpening the tool it is simplynecessary to grind the beveled face 13 thereof, and also slightly grindthe edge contiguous thereto to remove the V or convexity which isprovided for engagement with the contiguous wall of the blade-seat.

WVhile,as above described,the blade is crosssectionally tapered inconstruction and the walls or shoulders of the blade-seat are of equalprojection, the object of the latter being to enable the blade to bereversed, so as to cut in either direction, the concaving of the facesof said walls or shoulders holds the blade accurately centered in theseat, with the eX- terior surface of the blade at its cutting edge flushwith the flat face of the head, and hence the tool may be used forcutting close to a shoulder or to a chuck-jaw.

The construction of the straight tool illustrated in Fig. 2 is identicalwith that above described, with the exception that the flanges 14, atopposite sides of the channel 3, formed in the shank, are flush with theface of the head, the portion of the blade which projects in rear of thehead being thus wholly countersunk in the channel and protected fromcontact with contiguous portions of the machine.

The object in forming the kerf of the head contiguous to the plane ofone of the walls or shoulders of the blade-seat is to reduce the sectionof the web by which the jaws are connected, and thus enable theadjustment of the jaws to be accomplished with greater facility, and theset-screws extend loosely through the jaw of less section, which ispreferably the upper jaw, and engage threaded sockets in the jaw ofgreater thickness. Furthermore, by arranging said kerf contiguous to oneof the walls or shoulders of the bladeseat the necessary length ofthreaded socket may be formed in the other jaw to resist the strain ofthe threads of the set-screws without unnecessarily increasing thethickness of the head of the holder.

A specially-important feature of the above of a blade arranged therein,and therefore the thin or feather edge of a cross-sectionallytaperedblade is as positively and securely held againstlateral vibration as isthe cutting or operating edge, and tools having differentcross-sectional tapers or bevels may be used in the same tool-seatwithout losing the advantages above indicated. The special advantage ofthis double cross-sectional beveling of the walls of the tool-seat toreceive the correspondinglybeveled edges of the blade resides in thefact that the exterior surface of the blade is thereby held fiush withthe surface of the tool-head. I

I am aware that it is not broadly new to provide such a relativeconstruction of blade and holder as to dispose the outer surface ofthe-blade flush with the face of the holder or the head of the holder;but so far as I am aware it is new to provide such a relativeconstruction of blade and holder as to maintain across-sectionally-beveled blade with the outer surface of its cuttingedge flush with the face of the holder-head, that it is new to providesuch a relative construction of parts that a blade of which the edgeshave an interlocking connection with the walls of the blade-seat isarranged flush with the face of a holder-head wherein the blade-seat isopensided, and to provide a holder having an opensided blade-seat and areversible cross-sectionally-tapered blade having an interlockingconnection with the walls of the seat, the outer surface of the blade atits cutting edge being flush with the face of the holder-head and theblade being reversible edge for edge.

Various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details ofconstruction maybe resorted to without departing from the spirit orsacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim is In a tool for lathes andsimilar machines, the combination of a holder provided with a headhaving in the flat face thereof a longitudinally-disposed blade-seatentirely open at its front side, the upper and lower walls of said seatconsisting ,of relatively-movable jaws having formed in their opposingfaces longitudinal centering concavities, clamping means for said jaws,and a cross-sectionallytapered blade having a registering interlockingengagement at its side edges with the concavities of said jaws, saidblade being reversible edge for edge, and, when in either of itsreversed positions, having the outer surface along the line of itscutting-point flush with the flat face of the holder-head, substantiallyas set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature in the presence of two witnesses.

HUGH IIILL.

Witnesses:

M. E. FITZ GERALD, EARL REESE.

